By: Atty. Mark Anthony Tamayo on December 15,2023. Correctly classifying imported goods is crucial for international trade. It influences trade statistics, regulations, and the determination of duty rates. The Harmonized System (HS), a globally adopted framework developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), provides a standardized numerical approach to classify…

By: Euney Marie J. Mata-Perez on November 30,2023 There is a big difference between protesting an assessment and claiming for refund of erroneously paid local business taxes (LBT).  The remedies for each action are sets out in separate sections of the Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC).  Under Section 195…

By Stefan Miguel Raymundo Del Rosario on November 23,2023 Republic Act No. 11576 (RA 11576) was enacted 2021, amending Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 or the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 (BP 129), by revising and increasing the jurisdiction thresholds of the Regional Trial Court (“RTC”) and First-Level Courts, i.e., the…

By: Atty. Lew Earvin H. Manarin on November 16,2023 In line with the Supreme Court’s drive to decongest the dockets of lower courts and to promote efficiency in an increasingly digitalized legal system, it issued the “Guidelines on Submission of Electronic Copies of Pleadings and other Court Submissions being filed…

By: Atty. Keanu P. Castañeda on November 9,2023 Tax exemption and tax amnesty are two important concepts in Philippine taxation law, but they are often confused. It is important to understand the difference between the two. Tax Exemption is the condonation of a tax liability conferred upon to persons or…

By: Atty. Euney Marie Mata-Perez on October 26,2023 The amendments introduced by the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (“CREATE”) Act, Republic Act (RA) No. 11534 dated March 26, 2021, and RA No. 10963, the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (“TRAIN”) Law, to our National Internal Revenue Code…

By: Atty. Sarah T. Ganto on October 19,2023 Quo warranto is a remedy to assail an illegal intrusion into a public office or position (not a private one).  It is also the proper remedy when the State questions the existence of a de facto corporation or the unlawful exercise of…

By: Atty. Cara Angela N. Flores on October 12,2023 Under Section 30(E) of the Tax Code, nonstock corporation or association organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, athletic, or cultural purposes, or for the rehabilitation of veterans are exempt from income tax as long as no part of its…

By: Atty. Euney Marie J. Mata-Perez on October 5,2023. Recently, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) issued Revenue Regulations No. 11-2023 (the “Regulation”) dated September 14, 2023, which prescribes the use of electronic mail (e-mail) and electronic signature as additional mode of service of Warrants of Garnishment (WGs). The Regulation…

By: Atty. Xela Leona D. Laqui on September 21,2023 Republic Act (RA) No. 11956 was passed amending RA No. 11213, the Estate Tax Amnesty Act, to extend the period to avail the estate amnesty tax for another two years or until June 14, 2025. Significantly, it also expanded the coverage…

By: Atty. Euney Marie Mata-Perez on September 14,2023 I was just inducted as a member of NOWCD, the NextGen Organization of Women Corporate Directors,  the Philippine chapter of Women Corporate Directors International. Incorporated on September 24, 2021, NOWCD seeks to bring together a trusted community of experienced and engaged directors…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on September 7,2023 Republic Act (RA) No. 11954  established the Maharlika Investment Fund (MIF) to strengthen the investment activities of the country's top-performing government financial institutions and promote economic growth and social development. It was established consistent with laudable State policy to generate, preserve and grow…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on August 24, 2023 THE amendments to the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997 (Tax Code), introduced by Republic Act (RA) 11534 (Create) and by RA 10963, or the "Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion" (Train), particularly on the imposition of value-added tax (VAT) on indirect…

By: Atty. Euney Marie Mata-Perez on August 17,2023 IMPROVING board diversity is increasingly seen as contributing to good corporate governance, and its promotion has attracted good governance advocates as well as regulators. There had been studies that suggested that corporate boards structured along demographic diversity, such as gender, age, ethnicity,…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on August 3,2023. I WAS invited by the Tax Accountancy Association Union of Chinese Taipei (Taauct) to speak during its Corporate Integrity and Sustainable Development Asia Regional Seminar recently held in Taiwan. Deputy ministers from the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Justice were guest speakers,…

By Stefan Miguel Raymundo Del Rosario on July 13, 2023 THE Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), pursuant to its powers to collect taxes, is empowered to institute criminal prosecution cases, including tax evasion cases, against erring taxpayers for criminal violations under the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997 (Tax Code).…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on July 6,2023 SECTION 2 of Republic Act 8799, or the "Philippines' Securities Regulation Code," declares that the State shall establish a socially conscious, free market that regulates itself, encourage the widest participation of ownership in enterprises, enhance democratization of wealth, promote the development of the…

By Nica Marsha Gasapo on June 22,2023 THE board of directors of a corporation is the seat of corporate power. Under the law, the board is clothed with authority to exercise the corporate powers, conduct all business and control all properties of the corporation. The election of the members of…

 By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on June 15,2023 THE outstanding capital stock of a corporation shall constitute a trust fund held by the corporation for the benefit of its creditors. It shall not be returned to the stockholders by repurchase of shares, except in the manner as provided for under the…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on June 8,2023 THE structure of a company's ownership and control greatly influences its corporate governance. Thus, the success of a company's corporate governance is also determined by its permitted shareholding structure. A question that should then be addressed by our Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)…

By: Atty. Jan Ethan Gordola on May 11,2023 IN the recent decision of Bases Conversion and Development Authority and John Hay Management Corp. v City Government of Baguio City (BCDA v Baguio Case, GR 192694. Feb. 22, 2023), the Supreme Court stated that "[t]he payment of fees for the issuance…

By Gladys Jane Dela Cruz on May 4,2023 IN last week's article, we discussed that to qualify for value-added tax (VAT) zero-rating under Section 108(B)(2) of the National Internal Revenue Code, the following elements must be present: (1) the recipient of the services is a foreign corporation doing business outside…

By: Atty. Keanu P. Castañeda on April 27,2023 SERVICES rendered to a person engaged in business conducted outside the Philippines or to a nonresident person not engaged in business who is outside the Philippines may be subject to zero percent value-added tax (VAT), provided that the consideration for the services…

By: Atty. Cara Angela N. Flores on April 20,2023 THE board of directors exercises the powers, conducts all business and controls all properties of a corporation (Section 22, Revised Corporation Code). Being the vessel of corporate powers, the directors have fiduciary duty toward the corporation. The Supreme Court in the…

By: Atty. Euney Marie Mata-Perez on April 13,2023 TAX assessments by tax examiners are presumed correct and made in good faith (Cagayan Robina Sugar Milling Co. v Court of Appeals, 342 SCRA 663, Oct. 12, 2000). It is the taxpayer and not the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) who has…

By Atty. Mark Anthony P. Tamayo on March 30,2023 UNDER the present transaction value (TV) system, the duty base in valuing imported goods for customs appraisement purposes is the total payment made (or to be made by) the buyer to (or for the benefit of) the seller. The system is…

 By Xela Leona Laqui on March 23,2023 THE Doctrine of Hierarchy of Courts (or the Principle of Judicial Hierarchy) provides that when here, courts have concurrent or shared jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case, a litigant is not free to file a complaint or petition in any court…

By  Gladys Jane Dela Cruz on March 9,2023 FOR income taxes to be due, there must be a realized income. Thus, it is critical to determine what is income and when it is realized for tax purposes. Income is the inflow of wealth. As early as 1922, the Supreme Court…

By Nica Marsha Gasapo on March 2,2023 A corporation is an artificial being created by law which is vested with a personality that is separate and distinct from its shareholders, directors, officers, and other connected or related corporations. By this attribute, a stockholder may not generally, be made to answer…

By Aziza Hannah Bacay February 23, 2023 As a general rule, importations in the Philippines are subject to duties and taxes. There are instances, however, where the law permits relief from the payment of duties and taxes subject to certain conditions. One of the exceptions involves the "temporary admission" of…

By Atty. Euney Marie Mata-Perez on February 16, 2023 POWER costs in the Philippines are very high, affecting foreign direct investments into the country. During an economic briefing for members of the Management Association of the Philippines last Feb. 8, 2023, Albay Rep. Jose Maria Clemente "Joey" Salceda said that…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on February 9,2023 REPRESENTING the Management Association of the Philippines as the incoming chairman of its tax committee, I attended a meeting of the Senate Committee on Ways and Means technical working group on the proposed "Ease of Paying Taxes Act" last Feb. 2, 2023. One…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on February 2,2023 THE original deadline to avail of the estate tax amnesty — June 15, 2021 — was extended for two years when Republic Act (RA) 11569 was signed into law on June 30, 2021, amending RA 11213, or the "Tax Amnesty Act of 2019."…

By Nica Marsha Gasapo January 26, 2023 The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) recently issued Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC) 6-2023 dated January 16, 2023. It circularized certain advisory opinions of the National Privacy Commission (NPC) that upheld the BIR's power to obtain personal information/sensitive personal information from any person, national/local…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on January 19,2023 It is about time that the Philippines adopts a taxpayer's charter or bill of rights. We are currently taking steps in the right direction since several measures proposing to enumerate taxpayer's rights are pending approval. The filing of these bills was historic but…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on January 5, 2023 HAPPY New Year everyone! In our first article of the year, we revisit the basic tenet of due process in tax assessments as upheld by numerous court decisions in the year 2022. While taxes are the life blood of a nation, and…

By: Ramon Vaughn Dy III on December 29,2022 PURSUANT to the request of the Department of Energy (DoE), the Department of Justice (DoJ) issued a legal opinion that revisited foreign investment limits in the exploration, development and utilization (EDU) of solar, wind, hydro and ocean/tidal energy resources in relation to…

By Atty. Mark Anthony P. Tamayo on December 22,2022 THE exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) covers decisions by the Bureau of Customs (BoC) commissioner in cases involving liability for customs duties, fees or other money charges, seizure, detention or release of property affected, fines, forfeitures…

 By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on December 1, 2022 THE Covid-19 pandemic has revolutionized work habits. It made work-from-home (WFH) arrangements viable and even preferred by certain sectors and employees. Employers, particularly those in the information technology-business process management (IT-BPM) sector, were subsequently challenged after the government required that 100 percent…

By Ellaine Anne Bernardino on November 10,2022 TO incentivize employees to perform better and attract new talent, some companies offer equity-based compensation as part of compensation packages. The term "equity-based compensation" covers all types of employee equity schemes and comes in different forms, which include but are not limited to…

By Ramon Vaughn Dy III on October 27,2022 FOR the longest time, subscriber identity modules cards, commonly known as SIM cards, have been readily available and can be practically purchased at any local shop or sari-sari (variety) store. It can be argued that the regulation of the sale and/or disposition…

By Nica Marsha Gasapo on October 20,2022 IN Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) OGC Opinion 22-12 dated Sept. 27, 2022, the requesting party asked whether a corporation may be allowed to issue shares of stock at a premium and whether a corporation was allowed to have more paid-up capital than…

By Gladys Jane Dela Cruz on October 13,2022 IT is the policy of the state to protect the fundamental human right of privacy of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth (Section 2, Data Privacy Act of 2012). Thus, the processing of sensitive personal information…

By Aziza Hannah A. Bacay on September 29,2022. "FREE access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty." – Section 11, Article III (Bill of Rights) of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. On…

By Gladys Jane Dela Cruz September 8, 2022 SECTION 8.1 of Republic Act 8799, or the "Securities and Regulation Code (SRC)" clearly states that securities should not be sold or offered for sale or distribution in the Philippines without a registration statement duly filed with and approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Prior to…

By Ramon Vaughn Dy III on September 1,2022 PHILIPPINE courts adhere to the doctrine of processual presumption, which generally means that where a foreign law is not pleaded or not proved even if pleaded, the presumption is that it is the same as Philippine law (EDI-Staffbuilders International Inc. v NLRC, GR…

By Nica Marsha Gasapo on August 25,2022 STARE decisis et non quieta movere, meaning "stand by the decisions and disturb not what is settled," is a doctrine rooted in the necessity of stability, certainty and predictability in judicial decisions. Stare decisis is based on the rule that "once a question of law…

By Gladys Jane Dela Cruz on August 19,2022 THE withholding tax system is a mechanism to facilitate the collection of taxes from taxpayers. In the case of Chamber of Real Estate and Builders' Associations Inc. v. Executive Secretary Alberto Romulo, et al. (GR 60756, March 9, 2010), the Supreme Court stated that the purpose of the…

By Ramon Vaughn Dy III on August 11,2022 DISPUTES within a corporation or between/among corporate entities or persons within a corporate entity are inevitable. These vary and are dependent on who the parties are and their relationships to each other. Generally, the disputes can be classified as either intercorporate or…

By Aziza Hannah Bacay on August 4,2022 TWO years into the Covid-19 pandemic, we have witnessed how consumers transitioned from being buyers from traditional brick-and-mortar businesses to online shoppers. Indeed, online transactions provide a more convenient means for consumers to avail of goods and services. With this rise of online…

By Gwendolyn Ann Banaria on July 28,2022 THE Bureau of Customs (BoC) recently issued Customs Administrative Order (CAO) 07-2022, which provides revised guidelines on the accreditation of importers and consolidates three previous issuances: Customs Memorandum Orders 11-2014, 05-2018 and 31-2019. CAO 07-2022 primarily outlines the application process for new applications…

By Ellaine Anne Bernardino on July 21, 2022 A COMPANY director holds a position of trust and confidence and should be loyal to the corporation he or she serves. As such, a director puts the corporation's interests first over his or her own in case a business opportunity presents itself.…

By Euney Marie Mata-Perez on July 14, 2022 FINALLY, last June 30, 2022, nearly 14 years since the passage of Republic Act (RA) 9513, or the "Renewable Energy (RE) Act of 2008," the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) issued Revenue Regulation (RR) 7-2022, entitled Tax Incentives Under the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, which provides long-awaited…

By Aziza Hannah Bacay on July 07, 2022 A NAME is an important part of a person's existence. In fact, even juridical persons such as corporations, partnerships and sole proprietorships have the right to have their own distinct and unique names. This right to use a corporate and trade name…